Shen: research: warps

Galactic Warps

"Galactic Warps Induced by Cosmic Infall"
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2006, 370, 2. Full text can be found at NASA ADS.
Movies:
1. 3-D view of warp at t=400 in the canonical run. Movie format: [quicktime mov (~1.9M)] [avi (~4.7M)]

A comparison with the warp of NGC 4013 (image taken from Bottema 1996)